汉： 名词后缀-ship，总的来意思为“quality,condition,state,office,skill”， 名词后缀-ship跟“船”没有任何关系。它是个本族语派生后缀，一般与名词相结合构成抽象名词，表示the position or occupation of～（...职业，...行业），the quality or condition or being～(...的性质或状况），th act or skill of ～(...的行为或技能），the relation between～s(...间的关系）以及the number of ～s(...的数量）等意思。从中又细分出三个小意思：

英：O.E. -sciepe, Anglian -scip "state, condition of being," from P.Gmc. *-skapaz (cf. O.N. -skapr, O.Fris. -skip, Du. -schap, Ger. -schaft), from *skap- "to create, ordain, appoint," from PIE root *(s)kep- (see shape (v.)).

1.表示情况、状态、性质、关系
dictatorship
n.government by a dictator 独裁政府；独裁国家 dict=say
The U.S supported dictatorship of Penata during the Cold war.
冷战期间，美国支持佩纳特的独裁统治 friendship 友谊，友好 comradeship 同志关系
hardship 困难，受苦 felowship 伙伴关系 2.表示身分、职位、资格、权限
citizenship
n.being a citizen;rights and duties of a citize 公民的身分；公民的权利和义务
Dual citizenship is possible in most European coutries.
大多数欧洲国家都允许公民具有双重国籍
apprenticeship
n.being a leamer of trade who has agreed to work for a number of years in return for being taught 学徒身分；学徒年龄 ap=ad;prent=take
Each new employee will undergo a six-month apprenticeship.
每一个新雇员都将有六个月的学徒期 lordship 贵族身分 studentship 学生身分
doctorship 博士学位 sonship 儿子身分
heirship 继承权 colonelship 上校衔 3.表示技艺、技能、...法、...术
craftsmanship
skilled workmanship手艺，技能
Paul Revere's craftsmanship had made his silverware prized possessions.
保罗.里维尔的手艺十分精湛，他打造的银器成为珍贵的物品。